What outputs from an oscillator is a
continuous, simple sound which needs an
envelope to give it 'shape' This is a circuit
generating a control signal representing the
shape ( envelope) of the sound wanted, this
then may be used to control the level
(amplitude over time)of an oscillator.
Envelopes may also be used to control filter
or modulation settings (VCF)
The diagram below shows amplitude variation
(contours) over time for an envelope
consisting of an attack time, decay time to a
sustain level, and release (decay to 0).